INTRODUCTION The advent of molecular biology has allowed biologist to uncover, characterize, and ultimately manipulate the genes. We can now study how genes and proteins operate within their natural habitats. This is significantly furthering our understanding of the fundamental principles of development, how genes control cell behavior and thus, how they determine the pattern and …
Introduction Enhancement of facial beauty is one of the primary elective goals of patients seeking dental care. The goal of orthodontic treatment should be attainment of the best possible esthetic result, dentally and facially. Characteristics of a typical smile Total cervico-incisal length Only inter-proximal gingiva Incisal curvature parallels the lower lip curvature & …
Introduction Face is a complex structure that has always challenged the orthodontist for a very long time. The face (Profile) is considered largely during treatment planning, which is determined predominantly by the rotation of mandible. Normally changes that occur in the facial complex helps the clinician to identify & diagnose a problem correctly so …